"Was the great Motecuhzoma[...] well refined and clean,
he take a bath one time each day, at the afternoon;[...] the mantles and
clothes he wear one day not put it again until four days goes by..."
De la manera e persona del Gran Montezuma, y de cuan grande señor era
(Of the way and character of the Great Motecuhzoma, and how great lord was)
(Of the way and character of the Great Motecuhzoma, and how great lord was)
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
This cuote by Díaz del Castillo give us an idea about the big
task I have in hands at the time to recreate the look of the emperor of the
mexica; a tidy and meticulous man that
had a large selection of clothes and jewelries to wear each day but, how are
this clothes, dresses and accesories?
For that I'd study several books and image references to get
a deep knowledge of the appearance and
dresses of the ancients mexica people. I must to point that between the high
class and the commoners was a difference in the materials their clothes made;
the macehualtin (commoners) wear clothes made with maguey fiber, no ornaments
or colors; the pipiltin (noblemen) clothes was made in finest cotton and
adorned with ornaments and colours.
In their book "Los Aztecas", Alvaro Cruz García
pointed that the basic man garment piece consisted in a loinclothe called
maxtlatl, which passed between the legs and tied at the front. The ends fallen
at in front and back, and that of the noblemen pieces ends was decorated with
designs made in precious stones mosaics or embroidery.
The second mexica male dress piece was the called tilmatli,
a kind of cape or mantle which tied over the right shoulder or in front, over
the chest. The nobleman, in addition of that made of cotton, wear tilmatli made
in others materials as animal fur, or decorated with precious stone or
feathers. The long-established nobility can use even two capes or wear a kind
of cotton shirt with embroider prints designs, the xicolli. This piece will be
a distinctive characteristic element at the time to recreate the noblemen; they
only showed this piece of garment meanwhile the rest of the people not, as the
macehualtin.
This particular aspect, and that of the barefoot of the rest
of the people will elements which was used to differentiate one from anothers; only
the nobilty can use the cactli (sandals). This footwear was made
with maguey or yecotl (a tree of the land) fiber; can be with double
sole or have heels; and be adorned with gold, precious stones or jaguar fur.
While accessories, as much men as to women showed
"jewels, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, anklelaces, bracelets, etc."
Was usually too the use of elaborates and attractives nose plug, and lip plugs
called bezote which was wearing below the lower lip, and with the most varied size
and forms, all them made in greenstones,
amber, or gold, and used only by the royal high dignataries. Appart there are
the well know hairdresses, the quetzalilpiloni ,
and was used in differents ways. The macehualtin used adornments too just that
elaborated with shells, jaguar claws and seeds.
Examples of macehualtin and slave clothes |
Aztec prince, from the Itlilxochitl Codex from amoxcalli.org.mx |
Aztec prince, from the Itlilxochitl Codex from amoxcalli.org.mx |
Aztec prince, from the Itlilxochitl Codex from amoxcalli.org.mx |
Warriors and noblemen depiction. Codex Mendoza |
***
"Era el gran Montezuma [...] muy polido e limpio, bañabase cada día una vez, a la tarde;[...]las mantas y ropas que se ponía un día no se las ponía sino después de cuatro días..."
De la manera e persona del Gran Montezuma, y de cuan grande señor era
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Pues bien, esta cita de Díaz del Castillo nos da una breve idea de la labor que tengo entre manos a la hora de recrear al soberano de los mexica; un hombre pulcro y limpio que tendría un gran surtido de ropajes y joyas que lucir cada día pero, ¿cómo eran estas ropas, atuendos y accesorios?
Para ello consulté unos cuantos textos al respecto para estudiar y conocer en profundidad el aspecto y la indumentaria de los mexica en aquella época. Hay que señalar desde ya que entre las ropas de la clase común y la de los nobles existía una diferencia de material de manufactura; los macehualtin lo llevaban confeccionado en fibra de maguey, sin adornos, y la de los pipiltin de algodón y ricamente ornamentados.
Álvaro Cruz García en su libro "Los Aztecas", señala que la vestimenta masculina consistía básicamente en un taparrabos llamado maxtlatl, que se pasaba entre las piernas y se anudaba al frente. Los extremos caían tanto por delante como por detrás, y en las clases nobles se decoraban con adornos y diseños bordados o con piedras y mosaicos.
Ejemplos de vestimentas de macehualtin y esclavo |
Principe mexica, Códice Itlilxochitl tomado de amoxcalli.org.mx |
Príncipe mexica, Códice Itlilxochitl tomado de amoxcalli.org.mx |
Príncipe mexica, Códice Itlilxochitl tomado de amoxcalli.org.mx |
Descripción de nobles y guerreros, códice mendocino |
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